🏆 Rank-sum Leaderboard

Updates

• 2025-09-01: Segmentation results were updated (small changes based on improved performance for all models on the ocelot dataset only -> Related commit). Segmentation and global rankings do no thus match exactly (a few small differences only) Table 4 from the current version of our arXiv paper. The paper will be updated soon.

Lower Rank-sum = better overall performance

Model	Domain	Type	KNN ↑	Lin. prob. ↑	Few-shot ↑	Seg.↑	Calib. ↓	Adv. attack ↓	Rank sum ↓
HIBOU-B	Histopathology	VM	75.8 (10)	78.0 (14)	74.2 (6)	67.8 (10)	3.7 (2)	52.8 (14)	56 (7)
HIBOU-L	Histopathology	VM	75.2 (12)	81.2 (7)	70.4 (12)	68.6 (6)	5.5 (18)	40.0 (5)	60 (8)
H-OPTIMUS-0	Histopathology	VM	79.2 (5)	81.4 (5)	73.4 (7)	65.2 (13)	4.7 (13)	44.2 (9)	52 (6)
H-OPTIMUS-1	Histopathology	VM	80.5 (3)	83.3 (2)	74.8 (4)	64.5 (15)	4.1 (4)	58.0 (17)	45 (5)
MIDNIGHT	Histopathology	VM	78.2 (8)	82.9 (3)	70.6 (11)	68.8 (4)	3.2 (1)	36.3 (4)	31 (3)
PHIKON	Histopathology	VM	72.8 (14)	78.4 (13)	72.2 (10)	68.0 (9)	6.4 (22)	34.4 (3)	71 (11)
PHIKON2	Histopathology	VM	70.1 (15)	76.5 (15)	70.1 (13)	67.4 (12)	4.6 (11)	45.6 (11)	77 (12)
UNI	Histopathology	VM	78.8 (6)	81.3 (6)	76.4 (2)	67.8 (11)	4.3 (7)	42.8 (7)	39 (4)
UNI2-H	Histopathology	VM	81.7 (1)	83.9 (1)	78.4 (1)	69.0 (3)	4.5 (8)	34.3 (2)	16 (1)
VIRCHOW	Histopathology	VM	74.2 (13)	80.2 (10)	68.5 (15)	69.2 (2)	5.5 (20)	41.0 (6)	66 (10)
VIRCHOW2	Histopathology	VM	81.2 (2)	82.7 (4)	72.6 (9)	69.3 (1)	4.6 (10)	33.6 (1)	27 (2)
CONCH	Histopathology	VLM	77.3 (9)	80.2 (11)	73.1 (8)	68.3 (7)	4.3 (6)	55.0 (15)	56 (7)
CONCH 1.5	Histopathology	VLM	78.6 (7)	80.8 (9)	74.6 (5)	68.8 (5)	4.9 (14)	75.3 (23)	63 (9)
KEEP	Histopathology	VLM	79.7 (4)	81.1 (8)	75.8 (3)	68.0 (8)	4.7 (12)	44.7 (10)	45 (5)
MUSK	Histopathology	VLM	75.6 (11)	79.0 (12)	70.0 (14)	65.1 (14)	4.5 (9)	69.3 (22)	82 (13)
PLIP	Histopathology	VLM	67.8 (19)	71.0 (22)	63.4 (17)	58.5 (22)	4.9 (15)	56.9 (16)	111 (18)
QUILTNET	Histopathology	VLM	68.3 (17)	71.0 (21)	65.7 (16)	58.9 (21)	7.0 (23)	52.7 (13)	111 (18)
DINOv2-B	Natural-image	VM	67.9 (18)	74.8 (17)	61.0 (18)	59.8 (19)	5.5 (21)	65.8 (20)	113 (19)
DINOv2-L	Natural-image	VM	69.6 (16)	75.3 (16)	59.2 (19)	59.6 (20)	5.3 (17)	64.5 (19)	107 (17)
ViT-B/16	Natural-image	VM	64.4 (21)	71.9 (19)	57.8 (21)	61.0 (17)	3.9 (3)	46.8 (12)	93 (14)
ViT-L/16	Natural-image	VM	67.5 (20)	72.8 (18)	56.5 (22)	63.1 (16)	5.0 (16)	44.1 (8)	100 (15)
CLIP-B/32	Natural-image	VLM	61.9 (23)	65.8 (23)	53.3 (23)	56.0 (23)	5.5 (19)	60.4 (18)	129 (23)
CLIP-L/14	Natural-image	VLM	64.2 (22)	71.3 (20)	58.2 (20)	60.8 (18)	4.2 (5)	67.8 (21)	106 (16)